To make a Salaah Qadha without genuine Shariah reason is a big sin and to pray
the Salaah is Fardh and is necessary to perform repentance with sincerity. By
the use of repentance or having the Hajj accepted will eradicate the sin for
delaying the Salaah [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
Description of Qadha
1 Whatever a servant has been ordered, then to perform that act on time is known as Ada, and if the time passes then it is known as Qadha.
2 If you perform Tahrima within the time then the Salaah is not Qadha but it is Ada, however, the exception to this rule is for the Salaah of Fajr, Ju'ma or Eid Salaah whereby the final salaam has to be performed before the time has ended [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Bahar].
3 If a Salaah becomes Qadha due to sleeping or by forgetting then to pray the Qadha is Fardh but the sin for Qadha does not apply, however once awake or remembering and as long as the time is not Makrooh then you must pray it immediately and to delay will be a Makrooh [Alamgiri].
4 The Qadha of Fardh Salaah is Fardh, the Qadha of Wajib is Wajib and the Qadha of Sunnah is Sunnah for those Sunnahs that carry a Qadha such as the Sunnahs of Fajr when the Fardh has also been missed and the first Sunnahs of Dhuhr when the Fardh has been prayed and the time of Dhuhr has not finished [Alamgiri, Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].
Time of Qadha
1 There is no fixed time for praying Qadha as whenever it is prayed the duty will be fulfilled except for sunrise, just before sunset and exact midday, as no Salaah is allowed during these times [Alamgiri].
2 Whichever Salaah has been missed has to be prayed like that, for example, if a four Rakat Salaah has been missed whilst on a journey then only two Rakats will be prayed when praying it's Qadha even if you are praying it back at home and if a four Rakat Salaah was made Qadha at home then if you pray it on a journey you will still have to pray four Rakats. If there is a problem when praying Qadha then you are allowed to accommodate for that meaning, if when the Salaah was made Qadha you were allowed to stand and pray and now you are unable to stand and pray and therefore have to sit and pray the Salaah then you are allowed to do this and when you get better there is no need to repeat this Qadha [Alamgiri].
Which Qadha Salaah is forgiven
1 If a person is so ill that they cannot pray Salaah even by actions and if this situation remains for six Salaah then the Qadha Salaah is not Wajib [Alamgiri].
2 If a mental person has missed Salaah during his illness and it has been for a period of more than six Salaah continuously then there is no need to perform Qadha [Alamgiri].
3 If there is enough time to pray both Qadha and Ada in short then you can do this and if by expanding the praying then there is not enough time to pray both Salaah then the routine (Tarteeb) is still Fardh and if by missing all allowed things but not Wajibs or Fardh in Salaah you can pray both, then this should be done if possible [Alamgiri].
ROUTINE IS NECESSARY IN QADHA SALAAH
1 For a Sahib-e-Tarteeb, meaning for those who have less than six Salaah in total of Qadha to pray, then when remembering and there being enough time to pray the Qadha, he prays his Ada instead then this Salaah will not count. This means he will still have to pray the Ada Salaah again. If he continued praying the Ada Salaah and missed the Qadha until he has prayed the sixth Salaah and then all the Salaah will be correct as he will no longer be Sahib-e-Tarteeb any more and if in between he prays one Qadha, then all the Ada will not count.
2 Tarteeb meaning routine is necessary for the missed Salaah and the Ada Salaah as long as there are less than six missed Salaah and hence first the Qadha should be prayed then the Ada. For example if today someone's Fajr, Dhuhr, 'Asr and Maghrib became Qadha then he cannot pray the 'Isha Salaah until he has prayed the Qadha for the four Salaah in sequence first.
3 If there isn't enough time to pray the Ada and all the Qadha Salaah then pray as many Qadha and the Ada as possible and for the rest, Tarteeb can be missed, for example, if both the Fardh of 'Isha and Witr became Qadha and in Fajr you only had time to pray five Rakats then you pray three Rakats of Witr and two of Fajr, and if you only had time for six Rakats then pray the Qadha of Fardh 'Isha and pray two Rakats Fardh of Fajr [Shareh Wiqaya].
4 If six Salaah became Qadha and as soon as the time for the sixth is finished there is no longer a need for Tarteeb and now regardless of remembering and having time if you pray the Ada Salaah it will count. Whether the Qadha have occurred all in one go meaning six Salaah together or by six in a few days, for example, your Fajr became Qadha for six days and you continued praying Ada and totally forgot about the Qadha then the same rule applies and you are no longer a Sahib-e-Tarteeb [Radd-ul- Mohtar].
5 As soon as six Salaah became Qadha and the time for the sixth Salaah has gone then Tarteeb is no longer Fardh anymore, whether all the missed Salaah are old or some are recent and some are old , meaning if you missed a month's Salaah and then started praying again and again missed a couple you are still no longer a Sahib-e-Tarteeb as you have more than six Qadha in total to pray [Radd-ul- Mohtar].
6 When due to having more than six Qadha the Tarteeb is no longer necessary then if some of the Qadha is prayed and there are less than six Qadha remaining in total then you will still no longer be Sahib-e-Tarteeb until all the Qadha is prayed, and when this is the case you will become Sahib-e- Tarteeb again [Shareh Wafaya, Alamgiri, Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].
7 Just as six or more Qadha Salaah clears the necessity for routine for the Ada and Qadha Salaah, there is also no need for routine for the Qadha Salaah, meaning that the remanding Qadha can be prayed in whichever sequence deemed suitable, for example, if someone missed a full month's Salaah and then he prayed them first the thirty Fardh of Fajr then the thirty Salaah of Dhuhr etc. and this would also be acceptable and the Salaah will count [Alamgiri]. Whoever has the responsibility of praying Qadha Salaah although it is necessary for them to be prayed as soon as possible they can be delayed due to responsibilities towards the family, or work etc. and whenever he gains some free time he should pray the Qadha until they are all complete [Durr-e-Mukhtar].
8 Qadha Salaah is more important than the Nafl Salaah and therefore when you pray the Nafl instead you should pray any Qadha you may have left, however, do not replace the Tarawih or the twelve Sunnah-e-Maukidah (in the day).
9 For those who have the responsibility of many years Qadha and they cannot remember exactly how many then they should make the intention that "I am praying the first Qadha of Fajr or Dhuhr or 'Asr, that is due from me" and complete all the Qadha like this until they are certain that they have none left to perform.
Age of becoming an Adult
Whether a person is male or female, once they reach the age of adolescence all Salaah and Siyam etc. will become obligatory for them. A female's age is at least nine and at the most fifteen and a male's age is a minimum of twelve and a maximum of fifteen. It is necessary to believe a fifteen year old as an adult according to Shariah whether or not they show signs of adulthood.
To be illiterate is not an excuse
It is obligatory for all adult Muslims to learn the Fardh rules of Shariah and being illiterate or a female is not an excuse. If you are not aware of your obligations and necessities according to Islam then you will be a sinner and caught in the grounds of punishment.
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