- Praying Salaah on a conveyance

Whether a person is a traveller due to religion or due to worldly affairs once he leaves the outskirts of his town he can pray Nafl Salaah on his conveyance (vehicle of travel e.g. car, horse, camel etc.) whilst seated and he can perform the Salaah whilst seated and perform the Ruku by action and the Sajda by bending slightly more than the Ruku. 

Do not place your head on an ornament to perform Sajda or put something on it to perform Sajda as this is not allowed and whichever way the conveyance is going, keep your face pointing that way as to point it in another direction is not allowed even for the Takbeer-e-Tahrima it is not necessary for the face to be towards the Qibla [Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].

1)  When praying Nafl on the conveyance and the conveyance was urged along by Amal-e-Qalil for example, if you used the heal of your foot or in one hand had a whip to urge the horse then this is allowed and to do this, however, without reason it is not allowed [Radd-ul-Mohtar]. The Fardh, Wajib, Sunnahs of Fajr, Salaah of Janaza, Salaah of Mannat (fulfilled wish), Sajda-e-Tilawat of those verses which have been prayed on the ground and those Nafl that had started on the ground and were broken cannot be prayed on a conveyance without reason and if there was a genuine reason then if possible the conveyance should be made to face the Qibla and if this is also not possible then try to perform the Salaah in any way possible [Durr-e-Mukhtar].

  Situations when Salaah can be prayed on a conveyance

  The reasons whereby the above conditions can be used to pray the Salaah on a conveyance are as follows;
" It is raining.

" It is muddy that if you got out and prayed then your face would be sunk in the mud or would be filled with mud and whatever cloth that is laid will become wet through with mud. If in this situation you do not have a conveyance then you should stand and pray Salaah with actions.

" Your companion will go off without you.

" The animal that is used to travel on is awkward and if you got off you have no-one to help you to get back on.

" You have an illness and it will get worse by coming off the conveyance.

" There is a fear or risk to your life, property or woman. [Durr-e-Mukhtar]

 Praying Salaah on a moving train

 Fardh, Wajib or Sunnah cannot be prayed on a moving train. Therefore when the train stops at a station pray these Salaah and if you see that the time is running out then pray the Salaah whichever way possible and then when you get the time repeat the Salaah [Bahar-e-Shariah]. IMPORTANT: A moving train should not be mixed with a moving boat or ship because if these are stopped then they wouldn't be stopped on ground and you can touch the ground from the train if you get off and you cannot do that on a ship. It is only allowed to pray Salaah on a ship when it is in mid water, if it is on the shore and you can get off then you must do this as praying on the ship in this situation is not allowed.

 Praying Salaah on a boat or ship.

1) To pray Salaah on a moving ship or boat without cause when you can get off and pray it on the ground is not proper. 

2)  If the boat has come up on the ground and is stable then there is no need to come off and you can pray on it.

3) If the boat is tied on the edge and you have the chance of coming off onto the dry ground and praying then you should do this and if this is not possible then you should pray on the boat whilst standing.

4) If the ship is anchored in the middle then you can pray sitting down if the winds are strong and there is a fear of falling, and if the winds are not that strong then you cannot pray whilst seated.

5)  Whilst praying Salaah on a ship to remain facing the Qibla is necessary and therefore if the ship moves you move so that you continue facing the Qibla and if it is happening fast then do not pray Salaah at that time, however, if time is running out then you must pray it [Guniya, Durr-e-Mukhtar, Radd-ul-Mohtar].